Features are introduced in major and minor version updates patch versions of R typically contain bug fixes. The major version of R is 4 the minor version in 1 and the patch version is 2. What does that mean, exactly? Well, let's look at R 4.1.2. This means that a package installed from a binary might be built under a different version of R than what you are running, and that's what's triggering the error. The important thing to note here is that CRAN (and other package repositories) builds package binaries under the latest patch version of R, for a given major/minor version. There are some differences-binaries are platform-specific whereas bundles aren't-but they both represent an intermediate state of the package, somewhere between source code and installed package. These are both single files containing all the essential parts of your package. When installing a package, however, you'll probably be downloading a package bundle or binary. but they're really just a bunch of files. Those files probably contain some functions, maybe some data, some documentation, and so on. The source code for R packages is basically just a bunch of files. It's usually not something to worry about, but what does it mean? Package binaries vs sourceThe package structure and state chapter from R Packages describes in detail the different states of R packages (from source to binary to installed to in-memory)-I'll just summarise the general vibe of the thing here. Warning message: package 'x' was built under R version 'y' is a pretty common warning to see. Warning message: package ‘x’ was built under R version 'y'
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